Turkey today is a stable, secular, pro-Western democracy, and sees its future within Europe. But even its recent past is turbulent. Disastrous defeats in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13 and WW1 (1914-18) led to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the declaration by Kemal Ataturk of a secular Turkish Republic, and the traumatic ‘exchange of populations’, when more than one million ethnic Greeks left Constantinople, Izmir and other towns and villages for Greece, while around half a million Turkish Muslims returned to Turkey from Greece.
Ataturk is the revered father of modern Turkey, and he and his successors were determined modernisers.
Turkey remained neutral during WW2, but in the postwar years the army intervened several times to overthrow elected governments of which it disapproved. In 1974, Turkey and Greece came close to war over Cyprus, and the ‘Cyprus issue’ is the biggest obstacle to Turkey joining the EU.
Since the 1960s, Kurdish separatists seeking an independent state in southeast Turkey have clashed with security forces. These events are just part of a history that stretches back more than 5000 years.
Asia Minor cradled the Hittite kingdom which rose around 2200 BC; ancient Troy; and the Greek city-states which rose along the coasts during the first millennium BC.Their struggle with the Persian Empire ended with the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great. Alexander’s empire broke up after his death, and by the 2nd century BC the region was conquered by Rome. Relics such as the Temple of Diana at Ephesus and the Roman theatres at Aspendos and Side are among the great sights of present-day Turkey.
In 330AD, Emperor Constantine 1 moved the Roman capital to Byzantium, strategically located on the Bosphorus, renamed it Constantinople (after himself), and imposed Christianity on the Empire.
The Seljuk Turks trickled into Anatolia (eastern Turkey) in the 11th century AD and were followed by the Ottoman (or Osmanli) Turks, named after their leader, Osman. In 1453 Constantinople fell to Sultan Mehmet II. His successors expanded the Ottoman Empire further, and at its apogee, they held sway over an empire that stretched from the Balkans to the Red Sea and the Nile.
Religion:
Muslim, mostly Sunni, with a very small Christian minority. Turkey is a secular state which in theory guarantees complete freedom of worship to non-Muslims.
Social conventions:
Shaking hands is the normal form of greeting. Hospitality is very important and visitors should respect Islamic customs. Informal wear is acceptable, but beachwear should be confined to the beach or poolside. Smoking is widely acceptable but prohibited in cinemas, theatres, buses, coaches and dolmuÅes (collective taxis).
Мы ездили в Измир в Турции, и нам очень понравилось.
Per pianificare i viaggi, dobbiamo iniziare rapidamente.
Very cute trips.
Voyages très mignons.
Vielen Dank, dass Sie so viele Informationen über die Türkei gegeben haben, die ich teile.
Um die Reisen zu planen, müssen wir schnell loslegen.
Mi chiedo perché sono venuto in Turchia fino ad ora. Verrò alla prima occasione.
It is a preferable country for a safe holiday.
Voyages très mignons.
В Турции много красивых курортов.
Voglio solo il luogo di villeggiatura della Turchia.
The places we saw on our previous trip, really must be visited, you refreshed our memories.
Ich wusste nicht, dass die Türkei so schön ist.
Siamo stati a Nevsehir, in Turchia, e ci è piaciuto molto.
I just want to Turkey’s holiday resort.
We went to Antalya in Turkey and we liked it very much.
Sehr süße Ausflüge.
I have visited many places and liked it very much.
Вы можете экономно отдохнуть в Турции.
Sono venuto con la mia famiglia, ci è piaciuto molto, verremo di nuovo.
There are some really cool places.
В Турции много красивых пейзажей.
What are the places to visit in Balıkesir?
Wir haben es so geliebt, dass wir wiederkommen werden.
Nous sommes allés à Antalya en Turquie et nous avons beaucoup aimé.
Ich liebe es, historische Orte zu besuchen.
Sì sono d’accordo, ci sono tanti posti bellissimi.
Vielen Dank, dass Sie so viele Informationen über die Türkei gegeben haben, die ich teile.
Turkey really like the dreams of opening a door.
Я не знал, что Турция такая красивая.
Alla Turchia piace molto il sogno di aprire una porta.
В Турции есть сказочные пейзажи.
I love to visit historical places.
Mi chiedo perché sono venuto in Turchia fino ad ora. Verrò alla prima occasione.
There are dream-like landscapes in Turkey.
There are dream-like landscapes in Turkey.
In der Türkei gibt es traumhafte Landschaften.
Hi, thank you.
Thank you for giving so much information about Turkey, I share.
Merci d’avoir donné autant d’informations sur la Turquie, je partage.
We will definitely come this year with our friends.
Ci sono molti bei paesaggi in Turchia.
Ich denke, es gibt viele Orte in diesem Land zu besuchen.
J’adore visiter les lieux historiques.
Места, которые мы видели в предыдущей поездке, действительно стоит посетить, вы освежили наши воспоминания.
Il y a des paysages de rêve en Turquie.
Nous sommes allés à Izmir en Turquie et nous avons beaucoup aimé.
В Турции много красивых курортов.
Es gibt viele schöne Resorts in der Türkei.
sicuro ed economico per una vacanza in Turchia.
La Turquie aime vraiment les rêves d’ouvrir une porte.
Ich möchte wirklich in die Türkei gehen.
Il y a des endroits vraiment sympas.
Penso che ci siano molti bei posti in Turchia.
Siamo stati a Izmir in Turchia e ci è piaciuto molto.
Je me demande pourquoi je suis venu en Turquie jusqu’à présent. Je viendrai à la première occasion.
Мы ездили в Измир в Турции, и нам очень понравилось.
Мы обязательно приедем в этом году с друзьями.
Ja, ich stimme zu, es gibt viele schöne Orte.
Ci sono molti bei resort in Turchia.
Sì sono d’accordo, ci sono tanti posti bellissimi.
Ja, ich stimme zu, es gibt viele schöne Orte.
Turkey History and Culture , Yes I agree, there are many beautiful places.
Мы обязательно приедем в этом году с друзьями.
Il y a des hôtels très agréables et propres en Turquie.
Sono venuto con la mia famiglia, ci è piaciuto molto, verremo di nuovo.
В первый раз планировали поездку в Турцию.
Mi chiedo perché sono venuto in Turchia fino ad ora. Verrò alla prima occasione.
Je suis venu avec ma famille, nous avons beaucoup aimé, nous reviendrons.
Je pense qu’il y a de nombreux endroits à visiter dans ce pays.
Hi, thank you Turkey History and Culture.
Viaggi molto carini.
Es gibt viel schönere Hotels in der Türkei.
Es gibt viele schöne Resorts in der Türkei.
Penso che dovrei andare in più posti.
I did not know that Turkey History and Culture is so beautiful.
È un paese preferibile per una vacanza sicura.
Verrò alla prima occasione.
Nous sommes allés à Antalya en Turquie et nous avons beaucoup aimé.
Il y a des endroits vraiment sympas.
Ich denke, es gibt viele Orte in diesem Land zu besuchen.
Torneremo sicuramente quest’anno con i nostri amici.
La prima volta abbiamo programmato un viaggio in Turchia.
Nous sommes allés à Izmir en Turquie et nous avons beaucoup aimé.
Torneremo sicuramente quest’anno con i nostri amici.
Hello, Turkey History and Culture nice sharing.
C’est un pays préférable pour des vacances en toute sécurité.
Ich werde bei der ersten Gelegenheit kommen.
Je pense qu’il y a de nombreux endroits à visiter dans ce pays.
Il y a des paysages de rêve en Turquie.
Мы ездили в Анталию в Турции, и нам очень понравилось.
Нам так понравилось, что мы приедем снова.
Vous pouvez économiquement passer des vacances en Turquie.
Wir haben es so geliebt, dass wir wiederkommen werden.
Я не знал, что Турция такая красивая.
В Турции есть очень красивые и чистые курорты.
Non sapevo che la Turchia fosse così bella.
Hello, Turkey History and Culture nice sharing.
Мы ездили в Невшехир, Турция, и нам очень понравилось.
Нам так понравилось, что мы приедем снова.
sicuro ed economico per una vacanza in Turchia.
I came to Ankara and liked it very much.
We went to Izmir in Turkey and we liked it very much.
Я побывал во многих местах, и мне очень понравилось.
Penso che ci siano molti posti da visitare in questo paese.
Нам так понравилось, что мы приедем снова.
В Турции много красивых курортов.
Penso che dovrei andare in più posti.
Alla Turchia piace molto il sogno di aprire una porta.
В первый раз планировали поездку в Турцию.
Je pense qu’il y a beaucoup de beaux endroits en Turquie.
В Турции много красивых курортов.
I think there are many places to visit in this country.
You can economically vacation in Turkey.
We went to Antalya in Turkey and we liked it very much.
There are dream-like landscapes in Turkey.
Ci sono molti bei resort in Turchia.
Вы можете экономно отдохнуть в Турции.
Я не знал, что Турция такая красивая.
Zum ersten Mal planten wir eine Reise in die Türkei.
Malatya in Turkey, I like the city very much.
I just want to Turkey’s holiday resort.
Думаю, мне следует посетить больше мест.
В Турции есть отели намного лучше.
We went to Izmir in Turkey and we liked it very much.
Penso che dovrei andare in più posti.
Je suis venu avec ma famille, nous avons beaucoup aimé, nous reviendrons.
Нам так понравилось, что мы приедем снова.
Turkey History and Culture , Yes I agree, there are many beautiful places.
Я разделяю благодарность за то, что вы предоставили столько информации о Турции.
There are some really cool places.
Wir waren in Nevsehir, Türkei, und es hat uns sehr gut gefallen.
Es gibt viele schöne Landschaften in der Türkei.
I came with my family, we liked it very much, we will come again.
Ci sono paesaggi da sogno in Turchia.
I will come at the first opportunity.
Oui je suis d’accord, il y a beaucoup de beaux endroits.
La première fois, nous avons planifié un voyage en Turquie.
I think there are many beautiful places in Turkey.
Nous viendrons certainement cette année avec nos amis.
Я разделяю благодарность за то, что вы предоставили столько информации о Турции.
Zum ersten Mal planten wir eine Reise in die Türkei.
Sì sono d’accordo, ci sono tanti posti bellissimi.
I think I should go to more places.
Bonjour, joli partage.
Wir waren in Izmir in der Türkei und es hat uns sehr gut gefallen.
I think I should go to more places.
Non sapevo che la Turchia fosse così bella.
Я не знал, что Турция такая красивая.
What should be done to make your holiday in Turkey I came to your site and I get a lot of information when asking.
Wir haben es so geliebt, dass wir wiederkommen werden.
Il existe de nombreuses belles stations balnéaires en Turquie.
Die Türkei mag die Träume, eine Tür zu öffnen.
Viaggi molto carini.
Ich denke, es gibt viele Orte in diesem Land zu besuchen.
Sono venuto con la mia famiglia, ci è piaciuto molto, verremo di nuovo.
Hallo, schönes Teilen.
Wir waren in Izmir in der Türkei und es hat uns sehr gut gefallen.
I will come at the first opportunity.
Penso che ci siano molti posti da visitare in questo paese.
Я разделяю благодарность за то, что вы предоставили столько информации о Турции.
Die Orte, die wir auf unserer vorherigen Reise gesehen haben, sollten unbedingt besucht werden, Sie haben unsere Erinnerungen aufgefrischt.
Je veux juste la station balnéaire de la Turquie.
Ciao, grazie.
Es gibt sehr schöne und saubere Resorts in der Türkei.
Hi, thank you.
Приехал с семьей, нам очень понравилось, приедем еще.
Hallo Danke.
È un paese preferibile per una vacanza sicura.
Bonjour, joli partage.
Je ne savais pas que la Turquie était si belle.
Ci è piaciuto così tanto che torneremo di nuovo.
Mi chiedo perché sono venuto in Turchia fino ad ora. Verrò alla prima occasione.
Ciao, grazie.
Ci sono molti bei resort in Turchia.
Ciao, grazie.
I came to Siirt and liked it very much.
Nous viendrons certainement cette année avec nos amis.
Je ne savais pas que la Turquie était si belle.
Да согласен, там много красивых мест.
Nous viendrons certainement cette année avec nos amis.
Siamo stati a Nevsehir, in Turchia, e ci è piaciuto molto.
Ci sono molti bei resort in Turchia.
Il y a des paysages de rêve en Turquie.
Bonjour merci.
There are many beautiful resorts in Turkey.
There are very nice and clean resort in Turkey.
The places we saw on our previous trip, really must be visited, you refreshed our memories.
В первый раз планировали поездку в Турцию.
Ich denke, ich sollte zu mehr Orten gehen.
I really want to go to Turkey.
J’ai visité de nombreux endroits et j’ai beaucoup aimé.
Я побывал во многих местах, и мне очень понравилось.
Nous viendrons certainement cette année avec nos amis.
Мы обязательно приедем в этом году с друзьями.
Zum ersten Mal planten wir eine Reise in die Türkei.
sicher und billiger in der Türkei Urlaub zu machen.
Zum ersten Mal planten wir eine Reise in die Türkei.
Je pense que je devrais aller dans plus d’endroits.
Siamo stati a Nevsehir, in Turchia, e ci è piaciuto molto.
I just want to Turkey’s holiday resort.
It is a preferable country for a safe holiday.
Приехал с семьей, нам очень понравилось, приедем еще.
I question why I came to Turkey until now. I will come at the first opportunity.
There are much nicer hotels in Turkey.